{"id":50226,"date":"2023-03-01T16:12:20","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T15:12:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidetnanord.com\/les-debuts-la-periode-tholeitique\/"},"modified":"2023-06-08T11:41:05","modified_gmt":"2023-06-08T09:41:05","slug":"les-debuts-la-periode-tholeitique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidetnanord.com\/fr\/les-debuts-la-periode-tholeitique\/","title":{"rendered":"Les d\u00e9buts, la p\u00e9riode thol\u00e9itique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le volcan etn\u00e9en se situe dans une r\u00e9gion complexe d\u2019un point de vue g\u00e9ologique. Le cadre g\u00e9odynamique est domin\u00e9 par la subdivision de l\u2019avant-pays africain et de la cro\u00fbte oc\u00e9anique ionique situ\u00e9e sous la cha\u00eene apennine. Selon une vision classique et pour le moins accept\u00e9e, l\u2019Etna se trouve \u00e0 l\u2019intersection de trois grands syst\u00e8mes de faille \u00e0 caract\u00e8re r\u00e9gional, les lignes tectoniques dominantes sont de type distensif:<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) le syst\u00e8me Tindari-Giardini (NO-SE)&#13;\nb) le syst\u00e8me Comiso-Messine (NE-SO)&#13;\nc) le syst\u00e8me M. Kumeta -Alcantara (O-E)<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/guidetnanord.com\/images\/territorio\/etna-territorio-2-periodo-tholeitico-sicily.jpg\" class=\"lazyload\" alt=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guidetnanord.com\/images\/territorio\/etna-territorio-2-periodo-tholeitico-sicily.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En effet, des \u00e9tudes g\u00e9ophysiques r\u00e9centes ont ramen\u00e9 \u00e0 de justes proportions l\u2019importance de ces syst\u00e8mes tout en fournissent des indications qui pourraient tendre \u00e0 donner une grande importance, pour l\u2019\u00e9volution du magmatisme etn\u00e9en, aux failles du socle ibl\u00e9o-maltais. Cette derni\u00e8re faille se d\u00e9ploie sur le secteur oriental inf\u00e9rieur du massif etn\u00e9en formant une s\u00e9rie de structures distensives, accentu\u00e9es par des socles, les \u00abtimpe\u00bb (cimes des Apennins du Sud) ou les \u00abripe\u00bb (rives raides qui longent un cours d&#8217;eau ou entourent un lac) avec une orientation NNO-SSE. Le secteur oriental du volcan est limit\u00e9 vers le nord par la \u00abfaille de Pernicana\u00bb, orient\u00e9e E-O.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/guidetnanord.com\/images\/territorio\/etna-territorio-2-periodo-tholeitico-sicily-1.jpg\" class=\"lazyload\" alt=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guidetnanord.com\/images\/territorio\/etna-territorio-2-periodo-tholeitico-sicily-1.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les premi\u00e8res manifestations volcaniques de l\u2019\u00e8re etn\u00e9enne sont apparues \u00e0 la base de l\u2019Etna et elles constituent les splendides affleurements de la \u00abc\u00f4te des Cyclopes\u00bb et les pillow-lavas du rocher d\u2019Acicastello, mais \u00e9galement les basaltes affleurant dans la terrasse fluviale du Simeto qui s\u2019\u00e9tend de Patern\u00f2 \u00e0 Adrano. Les \u00e9tudes sur la composition de ces laves ont mis en \u00e9vidence qu\u2019il s\u2019agit de thol\u00e9iites, \u00e0 savoir de magmas similaires, m\u00eame s\u2019ils pr\u00e9sentent des diff\u00e9rences par rapport \u00e0 celles qui sont produites dans les zones du manteau terrestre caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par des degr\u00e9s \u00e9lev\u00e9s de fusion partielle des grandes activit\u00e9s distensives, propres aux dorsales et aux \u00eeles oc\u00e9aniques. Les thol\u00e9iites constituent un pourcentage tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9 des produits de la r\u00e9gion etn\u00e9enne et elles sont \u00e9vacu\u00e9es, \u00e0 partir d\u2019appareils fissuraux, souvent sous l\u2019eau, \u00e0 plusieurs reprises depuis environ 500 000 ans (c&#8217;est en effet l\u2019\u00e2ge des plus anciens produits etn\u00e9ens).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apr\u00e8s la premi\u00e8re p\u00e9riode \u00abthol\u00e9itique\u00bb, les \u00e9ruptions reprirent \u00e0 partir d\u2019appareils centraux, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire des v\u00e9ritables volcans suba\u00e9riens. Les produits \u00e9vacu\u00e9s au cours de cette deuxi\u00e8me p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9sentent des diff\u00e9rences chimiques prononc\u00e9es avec les thol\u00e9iites. Il s\u2019agit de laves \u00abalcalines\u00bb, d\u00e9finies par les chercheurs par des noms exotiques tels que Hawaiiti ou Mugeariti ou encore Benmoreiti et \u00e0 cette s\u00e9rie de noms, il convient d\u2019ajouter les plus grands mais peu pr\u00e9sents sur l\u2019Etna, les basaltes. Les produits alcalins constituent la majorit\u00e9 du volcan etn\u00e9en et ils sont \u00e9vacu\u00e9s aujourd\u2019hui encore. La distinction entre les termes vient des rapports entre les pourcentages de certains oxydes, en particulier SiO2 et K2O+Na2O, indicateurs des conditions de gen\u00e8se des magmas. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, les diff\u00e9rences entre les termes sont tr\u00e8s minimes, par exemple la paragen\u00e8se, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l\u2019ensemble des min\u00e9raux pr\u00e9sents dans les laves, est presque semblable, constitu\u00e9e de plagioclases, de pyrox\u00e8nes, d\u2019oxydes de fer, de titane et d\u2019olivine.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Dott. Ferlito Carmelo<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le volcan etn\u00e9en se situe dans une r\u00e9gion complexe d\u2019un point de vue g\u00e9ologique. Le cadre g\u00e9odynamique est domin\u00e9 par la subdivision de l\u2019avant-pays africain et de la cro\u00fbte oc\u00e9anique ionique situ\u00e9e sous la cha\u00eene apennine. Selon une vision classique et pour le moins accept\u00e9e, l\u2019Etna se trouve \u00e0 l\u2019intersection de trois grands syst\u00e8mes de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":49683,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[169,170],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-etna-fr","category-histoire"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les d\u00e9buts, la p\u00e9riode thol\u00e9itique - Gruppo Guide Etna Nord<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les d\u00e9buts, la p\u00e9riode thol\u00e9itique de l&#039;Etna\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guidetnanord.com\/fr\/les-debuts-la-periode-tholeitique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les d\u00e9buts, la p\u00e9riode thol\u00e9itique - 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